Kugadzira simbi nesimbi inonzi Galvanizing ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa pakudzivirira simbi kubva kungura. Chaizvoizvo,imba yekugezera ine magiraziiketero hombe ye zinc yakanyungudutswa inoshandiswa kuputira zvikamu zvesimbi. Kana simbi yakachena ikanyikwa mubhavhu iri, zinc inokurumidza kubatana pamusoro, ichigadzira kupera kwakasimba, kunodzivirira ngura. Galvanizing yave iripo kwemakore anopfuura 150, asi inoramba ichishanda zvinoshamisa uye isingakuvadzi nharaunda. Kutaura zvazviri, inowanzotaurwa seimwe yenzira dzekudzivirira ngura dzakachengeteka pakuchengetedza nharaunda dziripo. Mugumisiro wacho isimbi inogona kugara kwemakumi emakore iri kunze isina kugadziriswa zvakanyanya. Pasi apa tinopa nhanho nhanho kuti chikamu chesimbi chinoshanduka sei kubva pasimbi yekare ine guruva kuenda kusimbi yakadzivirirwa, mukati mebhavhu rakagadziriswa galvanizing.
Chii Chinonzi Bhati Rinoshongedza Magirazi?
Bhati rinobatidza simbi rinongova bhodhoro rezinc yakanyungudutswa rinopiswa kusvika pa450°C (842°F). Zvikamu zvesimbi zvinodzikiswa muiyi zinc inopisa, iyo inotaridzika sesimbi yesirivha. Painonyudzwa, zinc inosangana nesimbi iri musimbi, zvichiita kuti pave nechisungo chesimbi pakati pezinc nesimbi. Muchokwadi, makambani anowanzodaidza izvi kutikunyudza nekupisamaitiro - kunyudza simbi mu "inopisa" (yakanyungudutswa).
Nzira iyi inoshanda zvikuru. Bhati rezinc rinowanzo chengetwa zinc yakachena inodarika 98%, uye masisitimu ekutakura kana crane anokomba zvidimbu zvesimbi nokungwarira kuitira kuti zinc ikwanise kuzara mukona yega yega yechikamu. Kunyangwe maumbirwo asina chinhu kana machubhu anozadzwa ne zinc, saka mukati mayo makaputirwa pamwe nekunze. Sezvakataurwa nemumwe mutungamiriri weindasitiri, kupisa-kunyudza galvanizing inzira "yekunyudza zvachose" - simbi inonyudzwa zvizere uye zinc coatszvesemukati nekunze. Simbi inosimudzwa mushure memaminitsi mashoma ine ganda idzva resimbi rinopenya pamusoro payo.
Maitiro Ekupisa-Kunyudza Galvanizing (Kutanga Kusvika Kumagumo)
Maitiro ekugadzira galvanizing ane matanho akati wandei akakosha. Chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kuitwa nokungwarira, nekuti zinc inongonamira panzvimbo yakachena zvakakwana. Kazhinji, matanho acho ndeaya:
Kuchenesa (Kubvisa mafuta & Kuunganidza):Kutanga simbi inocheneswa zvakanaka kubvisa mafuta, mafuta, uye ngura yakasununguka. Izvi zvinowanzo sanganisira mvura inopisa ine alkali (caustic) inobvisa mafuta musimbi. Tevere, simbi inopinda mubhavhu rekuisa mafuta (kazhinji inonyungudutsa sulfuric kana hydrochloric acid) kuti ibvise ngura neganda. Mushure mekuisa mafuta, chero tsvina yakaoma, pendi kana tsvina inobviswa nemaoko kana nekuputika. Muchidimbu, tsvina yese inofanira kunge yapera, nekuti zinc haizobatani nesimbi yakasviba.
Kuchinja-chinja:Nguva pfupi isati yaiswa galvanizing, simbi yakachena inonyikwa mumushonga weflux, kazhinji musanganiswa we zinc ammonium chloride. Flux inobvisa zvisaririra zve oxide uye inodzivirira oxidation itsva isati yanyikwa. Mune zvimwe zvirimwa, "jira reflux" rakatetepa rinotoyangarara pamusoro pebhavhu re zinc kuti ribatsire kubvisa mafuta parinopinda. Danho rekuyerera rakakosha: rinoita kuti zinc yakanyungudutswa igare.nyorovasimbi zvakaenzana.
Kunyudzwa muZinc Bath:Zvino ndipo panobva pasvika moyo webasa racho. Simbi yakagadzirwa inodzikiswa zvishoma nezvishoma (kazhinji nekona) muketero ye zinc yakanyungudutswa, inowanzo chengetwa pa ~450°C. Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza matanda esimbi achipinda mubhavhu rinopisa re zinc. Simbi painongobata simbi yemvura, panotanga kuitika. Zinc inotanga kubatanidzwa nesimbi, uye zinc yemvura inoyerera ichitenderera chikamu chose. Mukati mebhavhu, zinc nesimbi zvinoumba zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana zve alloy ne metallurgical reaction. Munguva iyi (kazhinji kwemaminitsi mashoma), coating inoungana kusvika pakukora kwayo kwakakodzera. Layer yeyakanyungudutswazinc inonamira pamusoro pesimbi yozotonhora kuti iite ganda rekunze rakasimba.
Mufananidzo: Zvikamu zvesimbi zviri kunyikwa mubhavhu rinopisa. Zinc yakanyungudutswa (sirivha yemvura) inoputira simbi nekukurumidza.
Vashandi vemiti vanoronga nguva yekunyudza mvura nokungwarira. Kune zvikamu zvakawanda, kunyudza kwemaminitsi 4-5 zvakakwana. Zvikamu zvikuru kana zvakadzivirirwa zvinogona kutora nguva yakareba kuti zvisvike pakupisa kwakazara. Kana zvapiswa, chikamu chinosimudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Pachinokwira, zinc yakawandisa inobuda - dzimwe nguva zvichibatsirwa nekuzunguzika kana kutenderera chidimbu. Goko rakatetepa rezinc rinosara rinotonhora uye rinooma, kazhinji richitora mugumo wakajeka wesirivha kunze. Kutaura zvazviri, simbi ichangobva kugadzirwa nesimbi inowanzopenya; "spangle" kana kuti patani yakaita sechando yezinc yakacheneswa inogona kuoneka pamusoro payo painooma.
Kutonhodza (Kudzima/Kudzima):Mushure mekubviswa, simbi yakaputirwa inotonhodzwa. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekutonhodza mhepo kana kudzima simbi inopisa mumvura kana kushandisa makemikari ekugeza. Hapana kuomesa kwakakosha kunodiwa - chisungo chezinc/simbi chatove chakasimba. Chero chidimbu chekunze chezinc oxide (ngura chena) chingangoumbwa chinowanzosiyiwa chega kana kugadziriswa zvishoma. Kusiyana nezvikamu zvakapendwa, simbi yakaputirwa inowanzodahapana kumwe kupedzisakuti igare kwenguva refu.
Kuongorora:Danho rekupedzisira kuongorora nekukurumidza uye nehunyanzvi. Vaongorori vanoongorora kuti nzvimbo yega yega yakafukidzwa uye vanoyera ukobvu. Sezvo zinc ichingobatana nesimbi yakachena chete, nzvimbo dzisina kunaka dziri nyore kuona (simbi isina chinhu inoita seyakajeka). Mageji akajairwa anoyera ukobvu hwekuvhara kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti inosangana nezvinodiwa. Panguva ino simbi yakagadzikwa inenge yagadzirira kushandiswa, inovimbiswa kudzivirira ngura kwemakore mazhinji.
Mukati meBath: Metallurgy uye Dziviriro
Zvinonyatsoitika kusimbi iri mukati mezinc yakanyungudutswa ikemikari yakaoma - uye imwe yesimba rinoshamisa re galvanizing. Sezvo simbi inopisa iri mubhavhu, maatomu ezinc anopararira musimbi kuti agadzire macompounds akati wandei e intermetallic. Sangano reAmerican Galvanizers rinoratidza izvi nechikamu chakasiyana: kune jira rekunze rezinc inenge yakachena (inonzi eta layer) uye pasi payo pane jira nhatu dzakaoma dze alloy (dzinonzi gamma, delta, zeta) chaipo panosangana simbi. Zvinoshamisa kuti jira idzi dze zinc-iron alloy dzirizvakaoma kupfuura simbi dikiSemuenzaniso, mavanga madiki haapindi nyore nyore nepajira iri rine mativi akawanda. Muchokwadi, jira rakabatidzwa rakasimba zvikuru uye rinodzivirira kukwenya.
Imwe mukana mukuru ndeyekudzivirira cathodic (chibayiro). Zinc inoshanda zvakanyanya nemagetsi kupfuura simbi. Muchidimbu, kana chifukidziro chikakwenywa kuita simbi isina chinhu, zinc yakapoteredza inotanga yaora, ichidzivirira simbi. Kutaura zvazviri, kupisa-dip galvanizing kwakakurumbira nekuda kweizvi: imwe nyanzvi inoti kunyangwe simbi isina chinhu (yakakura se ¼ inch) ikaiswa pachena mukukwenya, "hapana ngura inotanga kusvika zinc yese yakapoteredza yapedzwa". Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvidimbu zvidiki hazvidi kupendwa patsva; zinc inorasikirwa nehupenyu nekufamba kwenguva.
Kwemakore, kusvibiswa nemhepo nemvura kunoshandura zinc kuita zvinhu zvisina njodzi (oxides, hydroxides, carbonates) - ruvara rwegrey rwaungaona pasimbi yekare yakarukwa. zinc patina Zvishoma nezvishoma inoumba goko rekunze rinodzivirira iro rinowedzera kunonoka ngura. Kutaura zvazviri, simbi yakarungwa yakaremara inoora zvishoma nezvishoma ka30 pane simbi isina chinhu. Mukuita izvi, izvi zvinoreva kuti kufukidza kwakarungwa kunowanzogara kwemakore 50-60 kana kupfuura pasina kugadziriswa, zvichienderana nenzvimbo.
Mabhenefiti Anoshamisa eKugadzira simbi
Galvanizing inopa zvinhu zvakawanda "zvinoshamisa" zvaungasatarisira kubva pakugadzira simbi yakapfava:
1. Kufukidza Kwakazara:Nekuti galvanizing inonyudza chikamu ichi, inofukidza mukati mezvikamu zvisina chinhu uye mukati memachubhu. Shinda nemakona akavanzika zvinowana zinc, kusiyana nemapendi anoiswa pabhurashi. Kunyudzwa uku kunoreva kuti ngura haigone kupinda munzvimbo dzisingatarisirwi.
2. Kusimba Kwakavakirwa:Zvidimbu zvesimbi nesimbi zvakaoma uye hazvikuvadzi kukwenya. Mune mimwe miedzo, chifukidziro chesimbi yakarukwa chakanga chapera.kagumihaipindi kukwenya kupfuura pendi yakajairika. Zinc layer yekunze yakachena (eta) yakapfava uye inopinza, ichipa simba rekudzivirira, nepo zvidimbu zvemukati zvesimbi zvakaoma kupfuura simbi. Chisungo ichi chine zvidimbu zvakawanda chinoreva kuti zvikamu zvegalvanized zvinogara zvakanaka pakubata nekusakara.
3. Kuzvidzivirira (kweCathodic)Sezvambotaurwa, zinc "inozvipa" kuchengetedza simbi. Mavanga madiki pasimbi yakarungwa haaparadzi ngura nekuti zinc inotanga yaora (inonziwo cathodic protection). Kune zita rekuti, "sideways creep," rezvinoitika nesimbi yakarungwa (ngura inofamba pasi pepende) - uye galvanizing inoidzivirira.
4. Kukurumidza Kuchinja:Pasinei nemidziyo inorema, danho rekugadzira maginiti rinokurumidzira. Kuturika chidimbu wochinyika mu zinc kunotora maminetsi mashoma chete. Kugadzirira kunonyanya kuchenesa makemikari, uye fekitori inoshanda zvakanaka inogona kugadzira odha mumazuva mashoma. Kutaura zvazviri, zvitoro zvemazuva ano zvekugadzira maginiti zvine basa remaawa makumi maviri nemana zvemaodha madiki.
5.Hupenyu Hurefu hweBasa:Kupenda kwakarukwa kunogona kuchengetedza simbi kwemakumi emakore pasina kupenda patsva. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika ekunze (mumaindasitiri kana kumaruwa), zvakajairika kuona makore anopfuura makumi mashanu kubva pakutanga kugadziriswa. Kugara kwenguva refu uku kunowanzoita kuti kupenda patsva kuve nyore pane kupenda nguva nenguva kwenguva refu.
6. Hushamwari Hwezvakatipoteredza:Maitiro ekugadzira galvanizing akachena zvishoma. Zinc inoshandiswa inodzokororwa, uye hapana zvinonyungudutsa zvipenyu zvinoputika sezvakaita mupendi. Simbi yegalvanizing inogona kudzokororwa 100% pakupera kwehupenyu. Makambani eindasitiri anototi kugadzira galvanizing senzira "inogona kunge iri yekudzivirira ngura zvakanyanya" iripo.
7. Kupedzisa Kunozivikanwa:Simbi yakagadzikwa inowanzova nechinhu chinoisiyanisa nesimbiyakatambanudzwakana kuti patani yakaita sechando pamusoro payo. Makristaro aya akaita sesirivha ndiwo maburi ezinc anoomesa, uye anoita kuti pamusoro pemagadziko pave nechitarisiko chakasiyana. Chiratidzo chinooneka chekuti pane chifukidziro chechokwadi chekupisa.
Midziyo Yemhando Yepamusoro: Bonan Tech's Pipe Galvanizing Plant
Makambani makuru ekugadzira magasi anoshandisa michina inorema kuti aite mabasa aya nguva dzose. Semuenzaniso, Bonan Technology Co., Ltd., kambani inogadzira michina, inosimbisa kukosha kwayo"Chigadzirwa cheMapombi ekugadzira Magasi emhando yepamusoro"yakavakwa nesimbi yemhando yepamusoro nezvinhu zvayo. Mitsetse yavo inoshanda otomatiki inobata zvese: majig ekuturika mapaipi, matangi ekudzima mafuta ealkali, mapickle ane acid, nzvimbo dzekuyerera, conveyor inopinda nepa zinc kettle, uye matangi ekudzima. Bonan anoti mapipe ayo ekugadzira magasi akagadzirwa kuti arambe achigadzirwa padhayamita dzese dzemapaipi.
Mufananidzo: Tambo yekubatanidza pombi inoramba ichishanda. Midziyo yakadaro inofambisa zvikamu zvepombi kuburikidza nekuchenesa, kuyerera, uye kunyungudutswa kwe zinc bath.
Mumutsara weBonan Tech, danho rega rega rinodzorwa nokungwarira. Kutaura zvazviri, kugadzika kwepombi kunowanzo tevera matanho aya chaiwo:
Kuchenesa Zvine Uturu:Mapaipi anopinda mubhavhu rinopisa re sodium-hydroxide kubvisa mafuta nechiyero chemugayo.
Kuunganidza Asidhi:Zvadaro, vanopinda nepamvura inodziya (kazhinji HCl kana H₂SO₄) kuti vanyungudise ngura nema oxide asara.
Kusukurudza & Kupukuta:Mushure mekusukurudza, mapaipi anonyikwa mu zinc-ammonium chloride flux solution, zvichiita kuti simbi irambe isina oxide isati yaiswa galvani.
Kuomesa:Hunyoro hwese huri pasimbi hunobviswa kana kupiswa nemhepo inoomesa.
Kunyudzwa (Zinc Bath):Mapaipi anoiswa muketero ye zinc yakanyungudutswa. Dip inopisa inoafukidza zvakanaka ne zinc.
Kudzima:Pakupedzisira, mapaipi anopisa emagetsi anotonhodzwa nekukurumidza mumvura kana mubhavhu rekudzima kuti avhare pendi.
Pombi yega yega inobuda ikozvino ine zinc coating yakafanana kudzivirira ngura. Sekureva kwaBonan, yavo"Muchina weMagasi Unogadzira Mapaipi Oga"inokwanisa kubata "mapaipi ese anoda kugadzikwa", ichiva nechokwadi chekuti kunyange mapaipi makuru kana madiki anowana zinc layer yakakodzera.
Mhedziso
Bhavhu rekugezesa rine magiya harisi kungova hari yesimbi chete - ndiro riri pakati penzira yakasimbiswa, inotungamirwa nesainzi iyo inopa simbi chidziviriro chinozviporesa. Kubva pakuchenesa kusvika pakunyudzwa kwe zinc inopisa, danho rega rega rinogadziriswa kuti rigadzire chifukidziro chakasimba, chakabatana nesimbi. Takaona kuti simbi ine magiya haingogumiri pakudzivirira ngura chete asi inoita izvi zvinoshamisa - ine ma alloys akawanda, kuomarara kwakanyanya, uye makore ekushanda.
Ungave uri mainjiniya ari kusarudza bhiriji kana muridzi wemba ari kusarudza matanda efenzi, kunzwisisa maitiro ekugezesa simbi yesimbi kunobatsira kutsanangura kuti nei simbi yesimbi yakanyungudutswa ichishanda zvakanaka. Muchidimbu, mukati mebhavhu iroro resimbi yakanyungudutswa mune dziviriro ine simba uye inoshamisa - iyo ichachengetedza zvivakwa zvesimbi zvakachengeteka kwezvizvarwa nezvizvarwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-21-2025